[1] Makovsky, Konstantin. 1902. Russian Beauty. Painting. Private collection. https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/russian-kokoshnik-traditional-headdress/.
[2] Unknown. Morion Helmet Worn by Spanish Conquistadors. 16th Century. Iron. Tubac, AZ. Tubac Presidio State Historic Park. https://bryanberg.net/files/outdoors-hiking-areas-with-maps/mountain-time-2/tubac-presidio-state-historic-park/.
[3] Subramaniam, T.V. 1954. Ilaiya Piratti Kundavai. Illustration. Kalki. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ilaiya_Piratti_Kundavai.png.
[4] Byzantine School. 547 BCE. The Emperor of Byzantium Justinian I (482-565). Mosaic. Ravenna, Italy. Basilica of St. Vital. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_(cropped).jpg.
[5] Alcina, Francisco Ignacio. 1668. Chieftain and Princess. Illustration. Historia de Las Islas E Indios Visayas Del Padre Alcina. https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=JJxphcA5tsIC.
[6] Alcina, Francisco Ignacio. (1668) 1975. La Historia de Las Islas E Indios Visayas Del Padre Alcina, 1668. Madrid: Instituto Histórico De La Marina.
[7] Pigafetta, Antonio, Henry Edward John Stanley, and Boston Public Library. (1534) 1874. The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan. Internet Archive. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society. https://archive.org/details/firstvoyageround00piga/page/92/mode/2up.
[8] See [7].
[9] Handwoven Inaul. Private collection.
[10] Various Pre-Colonial Jewellery. 10th-13th Century. Gold. New York, NY. Philippine Gold: Treasures of Forgotten Kingdoms Exhibit, Asia Society Museum. https://pinoy-culture.tumblr.com/post/128973444696/philippine-gold-treasures-of-forgotten-kingdoms.
[11] Valentynyi, J. 1869. Portrait of Elizabeth Báthory (1560-1614). Oil Painting. Čachtice, Slovakia. Čachtice Museum (until 1991); now Private Collection (stolen). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Al%C5%BEbeta_Bathory.jpg.
[12] Skirt - Presumably from the Wardrobe of Orsolya Esterházy. Mid-17th Century. Coral, cut-pile velvet, cambric, gilded silver thread. Budapest, Hungary. Museum of Applied Arts. https://collections.imm.hu/gyujtemeny/szoknya-es-vallfuzo-valoszinuleg-esterhazy-orsolya-ruhatarabol/1476.
[13] Gentleman’s National Attire. American Hungarian Museum. https://magyarmuseum.org/magyar-dress-attire/magyar-dress-attire/.
[14] Brueghel the Elder, Jan. 1613. Wedding Banquet Presided over by the Archduke and Archduchess. Oil on Canvas. Madrid, Spain. Museo del Prado. https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/wedding-banquet-presided-over-by-the-archduke-and/8485b59e-2a1f-4939-afbd-c46795d06b35.
[15] Critz, John de. 1605. Anne of Denmark, 1574–1619. Oil on Panel. London, UK. Royal Museums Greenwich. https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-201233.
[16] Dyck, Anthony van. 1628. Lady with a Fan. Oil on Canvas. Washington, D.C. National Gallery of Art. https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.43720.html.
[17] Bodice. 1660-69. Silk, Linen, Baleen. London, UK. Victoria & Albert. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O137794/bodice-unknown/.
[18] Laumosnier, Jacques. 17th Century. The Interview of Louis XIV and Felipe IV in the Island of the Pheasants. Oil on Canvas. Le Mans, France. Musée de Tesse. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traite-Pyrenees.jpg.
[19] Kneller, Godfrey. Undated. Sir Isaac Newton. Oil on Canvas. West Sussex, UK. Petworth House.
[20] Noblemen in Kontushes with Sabres. 1920s. Photograph. Private Collection. https://culture.pl/en/article/the-kontush-sash-polish-noblemens-best-fashion-statement.
[21] Polish Sarmatian Kontushes. Poland. National Museum in Kraków. https://culture.pl/en/article/the-kontush-sash-polish-noblemens-best-fashion-statement.
[22] Long, Sharon, and Nicola Killeen Textiles. 2023. Toile de Jouy. Printed Fabric. https://www.benjaminthapa.com/.
[23] Le Prince, Jean-Baptiste. 1764. La Complaisance. Engraving. Gallica. Bibliothèque municipale de Rouen. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10050468s.r=Le%20Prince%2C%20Jean-Baptiste?rk=64378;0.
[24] Schrader, Friedrich Ludwig Germanovich. 1903. Dancers of Mazurka (or “Russkaya”). Photograph. Private Collection. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1903_ball_-_01_group.jpg.
[25] Lüders, David. 18th Century. Portrait of an Philosopher Gregory N. Teplov. Oil on Canvas. St Petersburg, Russia. The State Hermitage Museum. https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.%20paintings/4726875?lng=en.
[26] Robins, Joseph. mid-1830s. Evening Dress. Hand-coloured Engraving. London. Victoria & Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O576783/evening-dress-fashion-plate-joseph-robins/
[27] French School. 1799-1804. Portrait de Napoléon vers 1800. Oil on Canvas. Private Collection. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Portrait_de_Napol%C3%A9on_vers_1800.jpg.
[28] Gentleman's Magazine. 1855. Gentlemen’s Attire, Autumn 1855. Engraving (print), coloured. Claremont, CA. Claremont Colleges Digital Library. https://ccdl.claremont.edu/digital/collection/fpc/id/646/.
[29] Fashion et Théorie. 1848. Costumes de Humann, Rue Neuve Des Petits Champs 83. Fashion Plate. Private Collection. https://www.messynessychic.com/2021/03/09/men-wore-corsets-history-says/.
[30] Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. 1859. Bocca Baciata (Lips That Have Been Kissed). Oil on Panel. Boston, MA. Museum of Fine Arts Boston. https://collections.mfa.org/objects/34360/bocca-baciata-lips-that-have-been-kissed?ctx=a11112b9-ab18-4a79-ba15-e52c148cfcf6&idx=4.
[31] Harding, William James. 1870-77. Portrait of Mary Nathan. Glass Negative. Wellington, New Zealand. National Library Wellington. https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22474548.
[32] American or European. Mid-19th Century. Cage Crinoline. Wire. New York, NY. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/114257.
[33] American or European. 1870. Cage Crinoline. Wire. New York, NY. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/108676.
[34] The Peterson magazine, and Charles J. Peterson. 1891. Women in Long Dresses Wearing Bonnets. Print. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-eab2-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.
[35] Doucet, Jacques. 1898-1900. Ball Gown. Silk, Metal. New York, NY. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/158194.
[36] Bey, Osman Hamdi. 1887. Gezintide Kadınlar. Painting. Private Collection. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osman_Hamdi_Bey_002.jpg.
[37] Abdullah Frères, and Engin Özendes. 1890. Woman with a Fan. Photograph. Abdullah Frères, Osmanlı Sarayının Fotoğrafçıları (1998).
[38] Early 20th Century Postcard Depicting Oczepiny Ceremony during a Peasant Wedding, Poland, Lowicz Region. n.d. Postcard. Private Collection. https://folklorysta.pl/lowickie-stroje-ludowe-kiedys-dzis/foto11/.
[39] Piekarski, Florian. 1906. A Postcard Depicting a Young Woman from Łowicz in a Traditional Dress. Postcard. National Digital Library Polona. https://polona.pl/item-view/c6e48632-b829-4e97-94ab-b061f0fa9a94?page=0.
[40] Radliński, Stefan, ed. Undated. Panna Młoda W Koronie Weselnej, Łowickie. Photograph. Wiedza O Polsce (1932). https://strojeludowe.net/stroje/lowicki/lowicki_3/#5.
[41] Chełmoński, Józef. 1875. Indian Summer. Oil on Canvas. Warsaw, Poland. Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski_-_Indian_summer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg.
[42] NASS, and Filmoteca Española, eds. 2023. “Paris 1898 in Color, Street Scene [60fps, Remastered] W/Sound Design Added.” YouTube. 1898. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dF04XJolzl4&ab_channel=NASS.